Thanks
to a high degree of trade, Panama captured the top slot in the first
annual Latin American Globalization Index developed by Latin Business
Chronicle.
The index
of 17 countries looks at six factors that measure a country's links
with the outside world:
- Exports
of goods and services as a percent of GDP.
- Imports
of goods and services as a percent of GDP.
- Foreign
direct investment as a percent of GDP.
- Tourism
receipts as a percent of GDP.
- Remittances
as a percent of GDP.
- Internet
penetration.
The index
includes both exports and imports to avoid a high score for a country
that has high exports, but low imports or vice versa.
THE
HUMAN FACE OF GLOBALIZATION
While factors like foreign direct investment, tourism receipts and
internet penetration should pose no surprise in a globalization survey,
including a factor such as remittances may surpise some. However,
we decided to include this as it represents an increasingly important
part of many Latin American countries' international links. The size
of remittances to Latin America last year was almost as high as total
foreign direct investment to the region. The Inter-American Development
Bank calls remittances "The Human Face of Globalization."
The countries
that belong to the CAFTA trade pact did well. Five of the top seven
ranks went to CAFTA countries. The Andean countries on the other hand
fared less well. Four of the seven-least globalized countries are
Andean. Mercosur did not do well either. Three of its four members
are among the eight least-globalized countries in Latin America.
No other
country had export and import levels as high as Panama. Its exports
of 64 percent of GDP were higher than the number two in that category,
the Dominican Republic (48 percent), while its imports of 61 percent
were higher than Honduras at 51 percent.
The high
levels of Panamanian trade are in large part due to the Colon Free
Trade Zone, the largest free trade zones in the Western Hemisphere.
Last year the zone accounted for 92 percent of Panama's exports and
65 percent of its imports, according to an analysis of figures from
the Colon zone management and estimates of Panama's trade by the United
Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
Panama
also did well in tourism receipts as percent of GDP and foreign direct
investment as a percent of GDP (the fourth-highest in Latin America
in both categories) and Internet penetration (eight-highest rate in
Latin America).
This article
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