The queue
at Miami International Airport's immigration counter is packed with
individuals and families from Central and South America, many of them
hoping to start a new life in the US.
But another
group of migrants is moving in the other direction – Americans
seeking retirement homes in places such as Mexico, Panama, Honduras,
Belize and Nicaragua.
Retirement
villages and sheltered housing are big business for developers and
property companies and the US has a huge retirement village sector,
based largely in Florida and other southern states. However, driven
by the rising prices of these properties and the soaring cost of healthcare
- as well as the hurricanes that recently have ravaged the US south
- many American retirees are looking to resettle overseas.
"Argentina
and Uruguay are both countries where the prices are still good for
Americans, and you can get good value for your money," says Barbara
Perriello, who as travel director of Agora Travel runs property investment
tours to countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, Nicaragua and Honduras.
Property
taxes and building costs in these countries, are often far lower than
those in the US, she says. "In Argentina you can build for about
$70 per square foot, and that's high end," she says. "And
in Nicaragua and Honduras, it's still about $80 per square foot -
so you're looking at much cheaper costs."
Less developed
countries are welcoming the newcomers with open arms. With their eyes
on a potential source for revenue, governments are busy adjusting
their investment and visa rules to create conditions that will encourage
a new wave of immigrants.
In places
such as Honduras and Panama, "Pensionado" visas allow foreigners
to receive sources of income from overseas - such as US pensions or
dividends from investments - tax free, while some countries offer
local discounts on things such as transport, prescription drugs and
medical care to foreign residents over the age of 65.
In Thailand,
the tourism authority operates a Long Stay in Thailand programme designed
to persuade retirees from countries with cold winters and higher living
costs to remain in the country for extended periods.
But for
many Americans, the desire to settle in destinations closer to home
means that Central America and the Caribbean are of greater appeal
than Asia.
According
to a survey in June by Pulte Homes - which under its Del Webb brand
is a leading US builder of what it calls "active adult communities"
for people aged 55 and over - almost half (47 per cent) of the respondents
planning to move for their retirement said staying within three hours
of their family was an important consideration in deciding where to
relocate.
While
in the past that has meant places such as North Carolina or Florida,
direct flights now operating from cities such as Houston and Miami
have reduced flight times to destinations such as Panama, Honduras
and Nicaragua to a matter of two or three hours. "People are
looking for bargains but that doesn't always take first place,"
says Lyle Burke, president of Tropical Pathways, which runs property
investment tours. "There are people who say they'd love to go
to the South Pacific or Europe, but in the end it comes down to being
close to grandchildren, so the Caribbean and Central America tend
to be the places where you see most people going."
Mr Burke,
whose company runs a growing number of property tours to countries
such as Panama, Dominican Republic, Mexico and the Caribbean island
of Roatan, says most of his clients are people that are about to retire
or that are setting themselves up for the future.
Property
developers are also starting to respond to the trend. With their eyes
firmly fixed on older buyers from Europe and the US, many developers
- both from the US and local companies - have been busy building residential
communities targeted at this market.
With amenities
such as tennis courts or swimming pools, many of these developments
are designed to appeal to retirees wanting to stay active. Often developments
are built around golf courses or riding stables. And as in similar
communities in the US, developments are often self-contained, with
medical facilities on site or a heliport for quick transport out in
an emergency.
Like retirement
villages in the US, such developments create the kind of instant communities
that appeal to retirees - yet at substantially lower costs. "People
are looking for a more comfortable lifestyle - but their money is
going to go a lot further in these places," says Ms Perriello.